In finding all-natural dietderived antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage [18,19]. As a result quite a few studies happen to be carried out on organic sources to unravel the components which possess antioxidant properties and with low cytotoxicities [20]. All-natural antioxidants are normally a lot more desirable for consumption than the synthetic one like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) which was reported to be carcinogenic to humans [21]. Recently, numerous research have already been carried out on the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds which have aroused escalating interest inside the isolation of such compounds present inside the plants [22]. Cancer is a genetic disease, which is mainly driven by genetic instability, which includes alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes which results in the expression of abnormal proteins involved within the stimulation of cell proliferation and survival [23,24]. A large body of evidences have shown that cost-free radicals have been implicated in the development of cancer in humans [25,26]. 1 example from the absolutely free radicals, could be the hydroxyl radical which can cause genetic mutation by forming adduct with guanine to type hydroxylated bases of DNA (eight hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine) causing transversions of GC (guanine-cytosine) to TA (thymine-adenine) [27,28]. Epidemiologic studies have also shown that cancer could possibly be because of various factors for example exposure to environmental carcinogenic agents, lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol consumption), nutritional habit and infectious agents [29-32]. These elements can initiate and promote carcinogenesis which could progress to cancer. To the ideal of our understanding, there isn’t any antioxidant and cytotoxic investigation on extracts of this species. Hence, this paper reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities on the crude aqueous methanol and fractionated extracts with the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis and to determine the phenolic content. This study also aims to correlate the phenolic content material on the crude and fractionated extracts with its antioxidant properties. The active PDE10 Inhibitor Source extract was additional subjected to gas chromatography ass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for identification of the elements present inside the extract.MethodsSample collectionThe rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis were collected from Pahang, Malaysia. This species was authenticated by Professor Dr Halijah Ibrahim, from Faculty of Science, University of Malaya as well as a voucher specimen (No. KLU 46177) deposited inside the university herbarium.Phang et al. BMC Complementary and Option Medicine 2013, 13:243 biomedcentral/1472-6882/13/Page three ofReagents and chemicalsButylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ascorbic acid, FolinCiocalteu’s phenol reagent, -carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 80, gallic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium ferricyanide were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and trichloroacetic acid were obtained from Merck. All NPY Y2 receptor Antagonist Purity & Documentation solvents were purchased in analytical grade.Human cell line and culture medium[33]. The crude methanolic extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and positive control (BHA and ascorbic acid) were dissolved in methanol even though water fraction was dissolved in distilled water. The total phenolic content (mg/ g of plant extract) in the crude aqueous methanol extract and its fractions expressed in gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Mean values were calculated from three measurement.DPPH radical scavenging assayThe cell lines were bought from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, USA).
