Measured data and (b) modeling data (the sorghum fiber moisture content material
Measured data and (b) modeling data (the sorghum fiber moisture content material was 3 and mat data (the sorghum fiber moisture content material was three and mat target density was 0.9 g/cm3). ). density was 0.9 g/cm3.six. Cadherin-13 Proteins manufacturer Temperature Distribution Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins Gene ID prediction Figure 7 shows the temperature prediction final results from the OFPC mat throughout hot-pressing with no HDPE (Figure 7a) and with 40 HDPE (Figure 7b). The temperature increased in the core to the surface and improved with time irrespective of whether or not the mat con-Polymers 2021, 13,10 ofDuring the initial stage of hot-pressing (under one hundred C), the core temperature with the mat with HDPE was higher than the mat without HDPE (Figure 6b), because the HDPE had a higher thermal conductivity (0.44 W/(m.K) at space temperature) plus a greater thermal conduction efficiency than sorghum fiber (0.12.two W/(m.K)). According to Equation (8), the thermal conductivity in the OFPC mat non-linearly increases using the HDPE content material, and a larger thermal conductivity helps the thermal conduction in the surface to the core. Additionally, the distinct heat capacity of HDPE (2044.1 W/(m.K) at 20 C) was a great deal larger than that from the sorghum fiber (1213.9 W/(m.K) at 20 C) [18]. Consequently, the mat with a higher HDPE content expected extra time for you to attain the same temperature in the same energy input. Owing to the combined effects of higher thermal conductivity and certain heat capacity of the mat at a larger HDPE content, the core temperature from the OFPC mat first improved using the HDPE content (0 to 20 HDPE), and after that decreased at greater HDPE contents (30 and 40 HDPE) (Figure 6b). This trend was not obvious in the experimental results (Figure 6a), possibly owing to temperature fluctuations with the hot-press platens and an experimental error. 3.six. Temperature Distribution Prediction Figure 7 shows the temperature prediction benefits from the OFPC mat through hotpressing with out HDPE (Figure 7a) and with 40 HDPE (Figure 7b). The temperature enhanced from the core towards the surface and elevated with time whether or not or not the mat contained HDPE. The surface temperature remained at 160 C as the Dirichlet boundary condition was applied. Right after ten min of hot-pressing, the core temperature from the mat devoid of HDPE was 149.four C (Figure 7a), and it was 136.three C for that with 40 HDPE (Figure 7b). This 13.1 C difference indicates that it is required to enhance the temperature for the duration of the Polymers 2021, 13, x FOR PEER Critique 11 of 14 consolidation process and/or extend the hot-pressing duration to further enhance the core temperature inside the OFPC containing 40 HDPE, as a core temperature of 136.3 C is just not sufficient for HDPE to flow conveniently.Figure 7. Heat transfer prediction final results throughout the hot-pressing sweet sorghum composites (a) with no HDPE and (b) Figure 7. Heat transfer prediction final results in the course of the hot-pressing of of sweet sorghum composites (a) with no HDPE and (b) with 40 HDPE (the mat target density was 0.9 g/cm3 ). with 40 HDPE (the mat target density was 0.9 g/cm3).3.7. Comparison of Experimental Results using the Model Prediction three.7. Comparison of Experimental Results with the Model Prediction Figure 8 compares the measured temperatures at a variety of places within the OFPC Figure eight compares the measured temperatures mats with varying HDPE content during hot-pressing with these predicted by the model. mats with varying HDPE content in the course of hot-pressing with these predicted by the model. Generally, Generally, the predicted temperature at each the core and one-quarter pos.
