W 2 degrees Celsius (and even 1.5) above pre-industrial levels [24] was the principle consensus achieved among the parties to the Paris Agreement, top to a variety of environmental and economic consequences for the parties [25]. Countries were obliged to elaborate national solutions (Nationally Determined Contributions) primarily based on their national situations and capabilities as feedback to global policy aimed at developing climate resilience [26,27]. Following the principle pillars of the Paris agreement and to minimize the emission on the greenhouse gases (primarily carbon dioxide) responsible for worldwide warming, the European Commission introduced the European Green Deal [12] constituting a European roadmap, which presents the directions and suggestions for European nations to become climate-neutral by 2050. The European Green Deal assumes, inter alia, supplying clean, economical and safe energy, mobilizing the business for any clean and circular economy and also a zero-pollution ambition for a non-toxic atmosphere. The scenarios of decarbonization and climate-resilient future presented by the European Green Deal look to become feasible, as numerous analyses and forecasts confirm the raise in the share of Cholesteryl arachidonate Data Sheet renewable resources in energy production as much as two-thirds within the next 30 years [28]. Despite the fact that in some analyses it is predicted that the international demand for coal is set to remain significant inside the coming years (mostly due to the unrelenting demand for this fuel in China and India) [29], in long term it can be estimated that because of low fees and coupled with energy efficiency, the share of renewable power sources (RES) will be over 80 in 2050, with the domination of wind and solar power [29,30]. The pandemic of COVID shook the power market–in 2020 there was a decrease in energy demand by five , in CO2 Isethionic acid sodium salt Endogenous Metabolite emissions by 7 along with a drop in investments by 18 [31]. Assuming that right after the pandemic is brought below manage in 2023, the demand for power will increase to its pre-crisis level, the demand for renewable energy will continue to develop, and hence the consumption of coal inside the energy mix in 2040 will fall under 20 [31]. In Poland, the total energy consumption in 2019 amounted to 4405.eight PJ. The share of difficult coal amounted to 37.0 , brown coal 9.1 , crude oil 26.3 , organic gas 16.1 , renewable power carriers 9.three , as well as other carriers 2.2 . Indigenous production of main energy in Poland has been falling since 2015. The share of really hard coal as a primary power carrier has been also declining, but it nevertheless remains the most essential source of energy. In 2019, its share was 56.two . The second largest carrier with regards to production was lignite having a share of 15.2 . The share of natural gas in production was five.5 , crude oil 1.5 , as well as the share of other, largely renewable power sources, 18.3 . In 2019 the largest share in direct energy consumption (34.six) was held by the industrial sector. Other sectors dominating in direct energy consumption have been transport (28.1) and households (21.7) [32]. The large role of fossil fuels in Poland’s power mix translates into a high amount of CO2 emissions compared to the European Union. The most recent data show that Poland is responsible forEnergies 2021, 14,3 of11.two of CO2 emissions within the EU, which areas it in third location immediately after the biggest emitters: Germany and Italy [33]. The infamous position amongst the emitters is not surprising, as Poland’s Energy Policy until 2025, adopted in 2005, assumed that the sources of really hard coal and lignite.
