F bridges with rocking piers. Thus, these indicators are utilized to produce a comparison among the traditional and also the resilient Indoximod medchemexpress bridge systems below the thought of earthquakes. The curvature ductility indicates the damage state with the plastic hinge region in the pier throughout earthquakes. Drift ratio is employed to assess the lateral deformation from the bridge method. The uplift ratio indicates the rocking amplitude of the rocking pier, which can be expressed as c/(a b) shown in Figure 15, where c could be the PD-168077 manufacturer Maximum uplift distance from the pier; a is definitely the distance in between the outmost edge from the upper pile cap and also the left side from the pressure block; b will be the width of your compressive anxiety block (i.e., rocking zone). The maximum seismic responses concerning the aforementioned damage indicators on the standard (fixed base) and also the resilient (rocking), bridges with all the typical RC piers below E1 and E2 earthquakes are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.Figure 15. Schematic diagram of the uplift ratio.Components 2021, 14,14 ofTable 1. Maximum seismic responses of RC bridges at E1 level. Earthquake No. 1 2 three 4 5 6 7 Avg. value Curvature Ductility Conventional 1.15 1.15 0.80 0.89 0.74 0.83 0.99 0.94 Resilient 0.76 0.92 0.82 1.17 0.70 1.09 0.68 0.88 Bearing Deformation (cm) Conventional 11.99 11.91 9.30 ten.20 8.77 9.86 10.81 10.41 Resilient 7.34 eight.70 7.68 11.75 six.95 9.80 six.54 8.40 Drift Ratio (Residual Drift Ratio) Traditional 1.01 (0.005) 1.00 (0.029) 0.79 (0.002) 0.86 (0.011) 0.74 (0.014) 0.81 (0.027) 0.91 (0.002) 0.88 (0.013) Resilient 0.62 (0.008) 0.72 (0.008) 0.65 (0.001) 0.99 (0.013) 0.57 (0.009) 0.83 (0.006) 0.56 (0.008) 0.70 (0.008) Uplift Ratio Resilient 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.30 0.06 0.17 0.05 0.Table two. Maximum seismic responses of RC bridges at E2 level. Earthquake No. 1 two 3 4 5 six 7 Avg. worth Curvature Ductility Conventional 3.24 2.70 three.00 3.23 2.95 two.68 3.15 2.99 Resilient 1.47 1.73 1.47 1.56 1.31 1.47 1.49 1.50 Bearing Deformation (cm) Traditional 20.33 18.38 18.96 19.02 18.37 18.97 19.52 19.08 Resilient 19.43 20.77 16.42 17.58 16.17 16.68 17.89 17.85 Drift Ratio (Residual Drift Ratio) Standard 1.71 (0.039) 1.54 (0.022) 1.59 (0.057) 1.58 (0.054) 1.54 (0.060) 1.57 (0.046) 1.64 (0.040) 1.60 (0.045) Resilient 1.63 (0.009) 1.74 (0.002) 1.38 (0.020) 1.47 (0.009) 1.36 (0.005) 1.39 (0.011) 1.50 (0.001) 1.49 (0.008) Uplift Ratio Resilient 1.01 1.12 0.70 0.86 0.73 0.72 0.86 0.The outcomes summarized in Table 1 reveal that the typical maximum values on the curvature ductility with the pier, bearing deformation, the drift ratio, as well as the residual drift ratio from the standard RC bridge are all larger than those from the resilient RC bridge below E1 level earthquakes. The curvature ductility responses on the RC piers with the standard bridge and the resilient bridge are both less than 1.0, which suggests that the RC piers in two bridge systems preserve linear state below E1 level earthquakes. The drift ratio of your resilient bridge is 0.88 , which happy the principle on the seismic design and style objective. All the seismic responses confirm that the two bridge systems are both protected below E1 level earthquakes. The average maximum uplift ratio is 0.11 . Despite the fact that the earthquake intensity (i.e., E1 level) is not large, the exceptional property, for example rocking, in the resilient bridge is nicely exhibited. When the earthquake intensity increases from E1 to E2 level, the typical maximum curvature ductility in the traditional RC bridge sharply increases from 0.
