Ed wateradministered and DEXAtreated manage mice (DEXA control group). (C) oxymetholone (50 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated reference mice (oxymetholone group). (D) EAP (400 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP400 group). (E) EAP (200 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP200 group). (F) EAP (100 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP100 group). Scale bars=40 . DEXA, dexamethasone; EAP, extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001; PARP, cleaved poly(ADPribose) polymerase.fibers. oxymetholone also considerably decreased (P0.01) the amount of Pipamperone Autophagy 4HNEpositive muscle fiber compared with within the DEXA handle mice. In particular, 400 mg/kg EAP exhibited favorable inhibitory activities on N-Octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone Technical Information DEXAinduced increases in 4HNEimmunoreactive fibers, which had been comparable with all the effects of oxymetholone (Table VIII and Fig. 9). Alterations in iNOSimmunolabelled muscle fibers. Important increases (P0.01) in iNoS (oxidative stress marker) immunoreactivity in gastrocnemius musclebundles had been observed inside the DEXA manage mice. EAP considerably and dosedependently lowered (P0.01) these DEXAinduced increases in muscle iNoSimmunoreactive fibers. oxymetholone also considerably decreased (P0.01) the number of iNoSpositive muscle fibers compared with inside the DEXA manage mice. In distinct, 400 mg/kg EAP exhibited favorable inhibitory activities on DEXAinduced increases in iNoSimmunoreactive fibers, which had been comparable with all the effects of oxymetholone (Table VIII and Fig. 10).LIM et al: EFFECTS oF EAP oN DEXAMETHASoNEINDuCED MuSCuLAR ATRoPHYFigure 9. Representative gastrocnemius muscle nitrotyrosine and 4HNE immunoreactivity. Marked increases within the immunoreactivity with the oxidative pressure marker, nitrotyrosine, and the lipid peroxidation marker, 4HNE, have been detected within the gastrocnemius muscle bundles from DEXA handle mice. Nevertheless, EAP dosedependently and significantly reduced these DEXAinduced increases in nitrotyrosine and 4HNEimmunoreactive fibers. Additionally, oxymetholone (50 mg/kg) substantially lowered the number of nitrotyrosine and 4HNEpositive muscle fibers as compared with in the DEXA control mice. In distinct, 400 mg/kg EAP exhibited favorable inhibitory activities on DEXAinduced increases in nitrotyrosine and 4HNEimmunoreactive fibers, which had been comparable with the effects of oxymetholone (50 mg/kg). (A) Deionized distilled wateradministered and salinetreated mice (intact vehicle handle group). (B) Deionized distilled wateradministered and DEXAtreated control mice (DEXA manage group). (C) oxymetholone (50 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated reference mice (oxymetholone group). (D) EAP (400 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP400 group). (E) EAP (200 mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP200 group). (F) EAP (one hundred mg/kg)administered and DEXAtreated experimental mice (EAP100 group). Scale bars=40 . 4HNE, 4hydroxynonenal; DEXA, dexamethasone; EAP, extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM2001.Alterations in myostatinimmunolabelled muscle fibers. Substantial increases (P0.01) in myostatin immunoreactivity in gastrocnemius muscle bundles have been observed in the DEXA control mice. EAP significantly and dosedependently reduced (P0.05) these DEXAinduced increases in myostatinimmunoreactive muscle fibers. oxymetholone also substantially decreased (P0.01) the amount of myostatinpositive muscle.
