Sted of an evaluation of cytokines/chemokines/ growth components production by various immunocompetent cells at the basolateral side in the Caco-2 epithelial barrier following precisely the same SGLT2 Inhibitor Formulation studied compounds crossed the barrier from an apical side within a 24-well plate (Figure 7C). Each components of the experiment had been performed in the very same time in parallel plates.Nutrients 2021, 13, 2058 ients 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW13 of12 ofFigure 6. (A)Figure six. (A) Scheme on the differentiation protocol to receive mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and Scheme of your differentiation protocol to receive mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and pro-inflammatory proinflammatory macrophages (M1) from THP1 cells; Light microscopy of mDCs (B,C) and macrophages (M1) from THP-1 cells; Light microscopy of mDCs (B,C) and M1 (D,E) cells beneath magnification of 200M1 (D,E) cells under magnification of 200and 400 respectively. and 400 respectively.It was shown that each Gly m 4 and its gastroduodenal digest induced The experiment on production of the analytes by unique cells incorporated two parts. production ofwas focused on the study of cytokines, chemokines, and cells from 16.87 pg/mL in pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL10/IP-10 by Caco-2 development things The first one handle wells to 44.53 and 43.76 pg/mL in sample wells, respectively (Figure 8A). In production by Caco2 cells (Figure 7A) and various immunocompetent cells (Figure 7B) Caco-2/immune cells with Gly m four, Gly m four increased Gly m 4 of numerous proin response to direct stimulation co-culture systemQue3,4’diGlc, the productionand inflammatory cytokines Gly m four digest RANTES/CCL5 by Monocytes (from Que3,4’diGlc combination, or the and chemokines:resulted from mTOR Modulator supplier proteolytic cleavage 161.32 to 541.41 pg/mL, p 0.005), IL-1 by T/B/NK (from eight.4 to 47.16 pg/mL, p 0.005), IL-6 by mimicking gastroduodenal digestion in vitro. This a part of the experiment was carried out PBMC (from 3.76 in to the wells of 96well plate. to 15.02 pg/mL, p 0.01) and T/B/NK (from 130.98 to 769.54 pg/mL, p 0.005), MIP-1/CCL4 experiment consisted of 0.005), MIG/CXCL9 The second aspect of the (from 67.89 to 123.eight pg/mL, p an evaluation of (from 80.51 to 114.68 pg/mL, p 0.005), GM-CSF (from 101.52 to 266.73 pg/mL, p 0.01) cytokines/chemokines/growth elements production by many immunocompetent cells at and TNF (from 37of the Caco2 epithelial barrier mDCs, assame studied compounds cytokines: the basolateral side to 66.12 pg/mL, p 0.005) by following the well as anti-inflammatory IL-4 by mDCs (from 137.49 to 349.49 pg/mL, p0.001), IL-10 by T/B/NK (from 242.35 crossed the barrier from an apical side in a 24well plate (Figure 7C). Both parts in the to 452.two pg/mL, p 0.01), and IL-13 by PBMC (from 13.14 to 36.50 pg/mL, p 0.005). experiment were performed at the exact same time in parallel plates. Production in the above described pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was not a outcome of nonspecific activation by residual LPS, which was checked by comparing IL-1 levels in manage (12 pg/mL) and Gly m 4-containing (16.61 pg/mL) wells with monocytes in case of direct stimulation, as human monocytes represent a extremely pyrogen-sensitive culture. At the same time, within the co-culture program Gly m 4 digest induced increased production of mostly anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1 receptor antagonist by mDCs (from 635.14 to 870.41 pg/mL, p 0.01), IL-5 (from 0.48 to 0.76 pg/mL, p 0.05) and IL-10 (from 242.35 to 426.28.
