(US) (n = 17), Australia (n = 12) and Uk (UK) (n = ten). The mean
(US) (n = 17), Australia (n = 12) and United kingdom (UK) (n = 10). The mean age on the participants ranged from four.five to 76.5 years. A total of 5 studies included only people aged 55 years or older [226]; 11 research incorporated only people today below 16 years old [277]. Most research have been balanced in gender distribution, with proportions of female participants ranging from 32 to 67 . 4 studies exclusively examined female participants [381]. Cities and inner-city neighbourhoods were the predominant settings. Seven research took location in multi-ethnic and/or socioeconomically deprived regions [291,37,424]. A single study specifically examined the differential impact of green space on young children of South Asian descent versus Caucasian kids [37]. The characteristics of included studies are summarised in Table 1.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Well being 2021, 18,6 ofTable 1. Study characteristics.Study Place Study Style Sample Size Population Female Age Description of Green Space Types Grassland (permanent grassland, hay meadows and lawns); gardens (ornamental gardens and vegetable gardens); forest (coniferous, mixed and broadleaved woodlands) Tree canopy, grass along with other low-lying vegetation Mediating Components Factors Adjusted in AnalysisAerts, 2020 [34]BelgiumEco1872 census tractsChildren aged 62 and 138 yearsN/A =Range: 6-Time, green space coverage, imply annual PM10 concentration, houses with standard or insufficient, administrative area Age, sex, household FAUC 365 GPCR/G Protein earnings, employment status, education, couple status Age, gender, economic status, education, household income, couple status, area-level disadvantage, total green space Age, gender, couple status, education, household revenue, employment Age, sex, living arrangement, education, household earnings, economic status Age, sex, living arrangement, education, household revenue, economic status Age, sex, race/ethnicity, earnings, previous park useAstell-Burt, 2019 [45]New South Wales, Australia New South Wales, Australia New South Wales, Australia New South Wales, Australia New South Wales, Australia Kansas, USACS-Pros46,Adults 45 years old53.Imply: 61.0 ten.-Astell-Burt, 2020 [46]CS-Pros109,Adults 45 years old52.Median variety: 55Trees and grass-Astell-Burt, 2020 [47] Astell-Burt, 2020 [48] Astell-Burt, 2021 [49] Bai, 2013 [50] Bird, 2016 [27] Bojorquez, 2018 [40] Camargo, 2017 [51]CS-Pros46,Adults 45 years old Adults 45 years old Adults 45 years old with kind two diabetes mellitus Urban residents living inside 0.five miles from parks Caucasian children 80 yo with no less than 1 obese parent Urban female residents Urban park visitors53.Median variety: 55Street trees and trees in parks-CS-Pros45,N/RN/RTree canopy, open grass and shrubs-CS-Pros45,N/RN/RTree canopy, open grass-CSS60.Mean: 50.9 16.five Imply: 9.7 0.89 Imply: 37.0 Median: 42 (285)Parks-Canada Tijuana, Mexico Bucaramanga, ColombiaCS-Retro52.Parks and open spacesBeing active inside a public space -Age, sex, puberty, household income Age, Nitrocefin supplier marital status, kids, SES (employment, education), park coverage Education, well being status, walking difficulty, anxiety/depression, visiting having a companion, active park useCSS100.ParksCSS58.Zonal and local urban parksInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18,7 ofTable 1. Cont.Study Carter, 2014 [52] Location Perth, Australia Study Design and style CSS Sample Size 440 Population Residents in innercity and suburban neighbourhoods Urban residents in young vs. old neighbourhoods of various revenue levels General population Park visitors inside a deprived nei.
