Nd ultrasonic sensors for measuring tree structural characteristics. These studies and reviews demonstrated that it can be nevertheless essential to resolve post-processing. Low-cost sensors and canopy Charybdotoxin References detection manage systems will assist these technologies be put into wide use [21,22]. Diverse sensor detection technologies are able to achieve particular canopy details detection goals. The LIDAR-based tree canopy details detection technologies includes a complex program, higher hardware price, and substantial data computation, plus the detection results are impacted by the canopy density. The canopy information detection technology according to ultrasonic sensors has apparent advantages with regards to hardware price, reliability, and practicality [235]. The detection of canopy data mostly focuses around the presence or absence of targets, the detection of tree volume and shape contour. There are actually few studies on canopy thickness detection tactics, and a lot of the objects are spindle-shaped trees with superior symmetry, which are not suitable for trees with asymmetric canopies, for instance vine canopies. The objective of this paper will be to evaluate the possible on the canopy thickness detection process using an ultrasonic sensor and to confirm the feasibility and accuracy in the canopy thickness detection approach, which could supply a reference point for the precise application of variable spraying in agriculture. Measured tree canopy parameters could be applied to vary the pesticide application rate, spray flow rate, and air supply volume.Agriculture 2021, 11,The objective of this paper will be to evaluate the potential from the canopy thickness d tion strategy making use of an ultrasonic sensor and to verify the feasibility and accuracy o 3 of 15 canopy thickness detection system, which could offer a reference point for the pr application of variable spraying in agriculture. Measured tree canopy parameters ca applied to differ the pesticide application price, spray flow price, and air supply vol These adjustments are important precise spray precise spray applications in These adjustments are needed for improving for enhancing applications in orchard and orchard facility facility agriculture. agriculture. two. Strategies 2. Materials and Materials and Procedures two.1. Simulated Canopy Thickness Detection Experimental System two.1. Simulated Canopy Thickness Detection Experimental SystemTo measure canopy ultrasonic sensors and to investigate the applicaTo measure canopy thickness withthickness with ultrasonic sensors and to investigate the app bility of this method, we constructed a simulated canopy thickness detection system bility of this approach, we constructed a simulated canopy thickness detection method (Figure 1). (Figu The method included: simulated canopy, test sensor, 5V DC energy provide, The system incorporated: simulated canopy, test rig, ultrasonicrig, ultrasonic sensor, 5V DC energy sup Ritanserin In stock oscilloscope and a simulated canopy thickness detection experiment beneath oscilloscope along with a laptop. Thecomputer. The simulated canopy thickness detection experiment u diverse things in laboratory. distinctive factors was conductedwasaconducted inside a laboratory.Figure 1. Simulated canopy thickness detection method. Figure 1. Simulated canopy thickness detection technique.The MB7092-101 ultrasonic sensor (MaxBotix, USA) used within this experiment is usually a The MB7092-101 ultrasonic frequency of 42 kHz, resolution this experiment transceiver structure, generating an ultrasonic sensor (MaxBotix, USA) employed in of 1 cm, transceiver structure,.
